Quantum Computing 相关英文词汇调研
Quantum
量子
Online Etymology Dictionary
n.
1610s, “one’s share or portion,” from Latin quantum (plural quanta) “as much as, so much as; how much? how far? how great an extent?” neuter singular of correlative pronomial adjective quantus “as much” (see quantity). Introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900; reinforced by Einstein, 1905. Quantum theory is from 1912; quantum mechanics, 1922; quantum jump is first recorded 1954; quantum leap, 1963, often figurative.
quantity
n.
early 14c., from Old French quantite, cantite (12c., Modern French quantité) and directly from Latin quantitatem (nominative quantitas) “relative greatness or extent,” coined as a loan-translation of Greek posotes (from posos “how great? how much?”) from Latin quantus”of what size? how much? how great? what amount?,” correlative pronomial adjective, related to qui “who” (see who). Latin quantitatem also is the source of Italian quantita, Spanish cantidad, Danish and Swedish kvantitet, German quantitat.
A Thesaurus of English Word Roots
quan
Latin quantus; quam
how great; how much
SIMPLE ROOT:
quantic (in mathematics, a rational, homogenous integral function of two or more variables)
quantile (in statistics, any of the values of a random variable dividing the distribution of the individuals into a given number of groups of equal frequency)
quantitate, quantitative, quantity, quantize, quantum
LEADING ROOT COMPOUND: quantifier, quantify (facere to make)
CROSS REFERENCE: quot
superposition
叠加
Online Etymology Dictionary
superposition
n.
1650s, from French superposition, from Late Latin superpositionem (nominativesuperpositio) “a placing over,” noun of action from past participle stem of superponere “to place over,” from super (see super-) + ponere “to put, place” (past participle positus; seeposition, n.).
entanglement
纠缠
Online Etymology Dictionary
n. 1630s, “that which entangles,” from entangle + -ment. From 1680s as “act of entangling.” Foreign entanglements does not appear as such in Washington’s Farewell Address (1796), though he warns against them. The phrase is found in William Coxe’s 1798 memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole.
entangle
v.
early 15c., from en-(1) + tangle, n.. Related: Entangled; entangling.
tangle
n.
1610s, “a tangled condition, a snarl of threads,” from tangle, v..
v.
mid-14c., nasalized variant of tagilen “to involve in a difficult situation, entangle,” from a Scandinavian source (compare dialectal Swedish taggla “to disorder,” Old Norse þongull”seaweed”), from Proto-Germanic thangul- (cognates: Frisian tung, Dutch tang, GermanTang* “seaweed”); thus the original sense of the root evidently was “seaweed” as something that entangles (itself, or oars, or fishes, or nets). “The development of such a verb from a noun of limited use like tangle 1 is somewhat remarkable, and needs confirmation” [Century Dictionary]. In reference to material things, from c.1500. Meaning “to fight with” is American English, first recorded 1928. Related: Tangled; tangling.Tanglefoot (1859) was Western American English slang for “strong whiskey.”
supremacy
Quantum supremacy 量子霸权
Online Etymology Dictionary
supremacy
n.
1540s, from supreme + -acy, or from Latin supremitatem (nominative supremitas).Supremity in same sense is from 1530s.
supreme
adj.
1520s, from Middle French suprême (15c.) and directly from Latin supremus “highest,” superlative of superus “situated above,” from super “above” (see super-). Supreme Being”God” first attested 1690s; Supreme Court is from 1689.
牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第9版)_V3
-acy
-cy, -acy
suffix(in nouns构成名词)
- the state or quality of具有…的状态（或性质）infancy幼年accuracy精确性
- the status or position of具有…的地位（或职位）chaplaincy特遣牧师的职位
A Thesaurus of English Word Roots
super(cont’d)
[beyond, over, above]
supra (above, in the book, etc.) supremacist, supremacy
supreme (highest in rank, power, authority, etc.; dominant)
PREFIX + PREFIX: insuperable (that cannot be overcome or passed over) (in not)
PREFIX + PREFIX + ROOT:
insurmountable (that cannot be passed over or overcome; insuperable) (in not + mons mountain)
superimpose (in in + ponere to place)
superincumbent (lying or resting on something else; arching or overhanging) (in in + cumbere to lie down)
superinduce (to introduce or bring in as an addition to existent condition, effect, etc.) (in in +ducere to lead)
superintendend, superintendent (in in + tendere to stretch)
DISGUISED PREFIX: sovereign (above or superior to all others; chief; greatest; supreme), sovereignty
FRENCH:
sirloin (lit., over or above the loin: a choice cut of meat, esp. of beef, from the loin end just in front of the rump)
somersault (somer, over + saltare, to jump) [also listed under sal2]
soubrette (in a play, light opera, etc., the role of a lady’s maid, especially one involved in intrigue)
sovereign (chief; greatest, supreme), sovereignty surmount (sur variant of super + mount)
ITALIAN:
sopranino (diminutive of soprano; designating or of any musical instrument smaller and of a higher pitch than the soprano of that family, as a sopranino recorder)
soprano (the highest singing voice of women or boys, with a range two octaves or more above middle C; also, a musical instrument with a similar range)
SPANISH: sobrante (extra, spare, remaining, left over)
GOVERNMENT BODY: Supreme Court
PLACE NAME: El Sobrante, CA (when the ranchos on the East Bay were divided, this area was “left over”)
INTERNATIONAL LAKE: Lake Superior (the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America; is the largest surface area of any freshwater lake in the world; and the farthest north and west of the Great Lakes; its area is greater than that of the state of Maine and almost that of South Carolina) [Siberia’s Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world, and Lake Tanganyika in east-central Africa has the largest volume of fresh water.]
CROSS REFERENCE: ex, hyper, meta, preter, ulter
super-
Latin super IE eghs- out + upper- over
beyond, over, above
Examples:
super: supercilious, superficial, superfluity
sur: surcoat, surmount, surrender, surround, surtax, surveillance, survey, survive
NOTE: Generally regarded as a prefix because of its prepositional or adverbial usage, super can also be regarded as a root because of its use as an adjective, as “a super job,” and from which adjectives can be formed, as those under Simple Root. For formatting purposes, the element is treated as a prefix in this list.
EXTENDED PREFIX:
superable (now used only when prefixed: insuperable) superb (noble, grand, or majestic)
superior, superiority
supernal (of, from, or as though from the heavens or the sky)
qubit
UrbanDictionary
qubit
1.Qubit(Noun) The quantum equivalent of a bit. It can take the value 1,0 or 1 and 0 at the same time, which is nice.
Online Etymology Dictionary
bit
n.
1
“small piece,” c.1200; related Old English bite “act of biting,” and bita “piece bitten off,” probably are the source of the modern words meaning “boring-piece of a drill” (1590s), “mouthpiece of a horse’s bridle” (mid-14c.), and “a piece bitten off, morsel” (c.1000). All from Proto-Germanic *biton (cognates: Old Saxon biti, Old Norse bit, Old Frisian bite, Middle Dutch bete, Old High German bizzo “biting,” German Bissen “a bite, morsel”), from PIE root *bheid- “to split” (see fissure).
Meaning “small piece, fragment” is from c.1600. Sense of “short space of time” is 1650s. Theatrical bit part is from 1909. Money sense in two bits, etc. is originally from Southern U.S. and West Indies, in reference to silver wedges cut or stamped from Spanish dollars (later Mexican reals); transferred to “eighth of a dollar.”
2
computerese word, 1948 abbreviation coined by U.S. computer pioneer John W. Tukey (1915-2000) of binary digit, probably chosen for its identity with bit, n.1.
A Thesaurus of English Word Roots
bi (cont’d)
[two]
DISGUISED ROOT:
balance (lance, plural of lanx, dish, weighing pan; orig., a set of weighing scales; SYN:1remainder, remnant, residue; 2harmony, proportion, symmetry)
barouche [from Medieval Latin birotium, two-wheeled (cart); however, the barouche is afour-wheeled carriage]
ITALIAN: biscotti (pl. of biscotto; hard, plain, bar-shaped cookies containing almonds or hazelnuts)
ENGLISH: biscuit (lit., twice-baked)
COMPUTERS: bit (binary + digit)
SAYING: bis vincit qui se vincit in victoria, Twice does he conquer who conquers himself in the victory: Publius Syrus
NOTE: French uses bis to indicate “Encore!” or to perform a second time; it is also used in music to repeat the passage as indicated.
CROSS REFERENCE: bin, di, dich, dipl, du, dy
bi, bin, bis
Latin bis twice IE dwi- from dwo- two
[two]
Examples: biceps, bicycle, bifurcate, bipolar, bisect, bivalve
SIMPLE ROOT: binal, binary, binate
PREFIXED ROOT:
combination, combinatorial, combine (lit., put together two by two; (SYN: associate, connect, consolidate, join, link, unite) (com with)
recombinant, recombination (a combining again; in genetics, the appearance in offspring of new combinations of allelic genes not present in either parent) (re again + combination)